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How Landlords End Security Deposit Disputes with a Full Deposit Ledger

Who this is for

You collect a security deposit from new tenants at move-in, typically one to three months' rent. You've had situations where a tenant moved out and disputed deductions — either claiming the damage was pre-existing or that they're owed more than you've returned. The dispute often results in either an awkward stalemate or a loss you absorb to avoid further conflict.

The problem

Security deposit disputes are one of the most common landlord-tenant conflicts in Kenya — and they almost always come down to missing documentation. When a landlord collects a deposit informally (cash or M-Pesa), there's often no receipt, no formal record of what was held, and no agreed deduction schedule. The tenant's memory of what they paid and the landlord's record rarely match.

On move-out, the landlord deducts for damages or rent arrears and refunds the remainder, but without a clear ledger showing every transaction — what was received, what was applied, and what was refunded — the tenant has no basis to accept or challenge the numbers. The dispute becomes a 'he said, she said' with no resolution except goodwill or legal action.

What you can achieve

  • Every deposit transaction — collection, application, and refund — recorded in an immutable GL ledger
  • Tenants receive a clear, itemised deposit statement at move-out — disputes resolved before they escalate
  • Deposit liability correctly shown on balance sheet throughout tenancy (not recognised as income prematurely)
  • Full audit trail of deposit settlement decisions, with timestamps and user attribution
  • Refunds processed and recorded in the same workflow — one place, complete history
  • Compliance with landlord-tenant accounting best practices without a manual spreadsheet

The Kokodi workflow

  1. Step 1

    Create deposit invoice at move-in

    Action

    When a new tenancy begins, create a deposit invoice for the agreed amount. GL posts: DR Deposits Receivable 1060 / CR Deposits Held 2040.

  2. Step 2

    Tenant pays deposit via portal

    Action

    Tenant pays the deposit invoice via M-Pesa STK or manual payment entry. A receipt is generated automatically and visible in their portal.

  3. Step 3

    Deposit held on balance sheet

    Automated

    The deposit sits as a liability (Account 2040 — Tenant Security Deposits Held) on the balance sheet throughout the tenancy, not treated as income.

  4. Step 4

    Apply deposit to outstanding rent on move-out

    Action

    At move-out, use Settle Deposit to apply part or all of the deposit against any outstanding rent invoices. GL: DR 2040 / CR AR 1050.

  5. Step 5

    Process refund for remaining balance

    Action

    If a balance remains after rent settlement, process the refund via M-Pesa or bank transfer. GL: DR 2040 / CR Bank 1040.

  6. Step 6

    Generate deposit statement for tenant

    Report

    Print or email the full deposit ledger: amount collected, date, what was applied to rent, and what was refunded — timestamped and audit-ready.

Kokodi features used

Deposit InvoiceDeposit SettlementGL Engine (2040 Deposit Control)Tenant PortalBalance Sheet ReportPayment Recording

Ready to set this up for your portfolio?

Talk to the Kokodi team and get a personalised walkthrough of this exact workflow for your buildings.

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